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    China Explained. Culture Made Clear.

    Travel Through Chinese Learning

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      travel through Chinese learning

      算盘

      Abacus

      · Everyday China

       算盘是中国发明的计算工具,阿拉伯数字出现前,在全世界广为使用。它小巧轻便,可以带到市场上,帮助商人快速算账。学得熟练的人,用算盘计算比用纸笔还要快。算盘不需要电,也不容易坏,所以过去的人都很喜欢用它。

      算盘有一个长方形的框,里面有很多根竖杆,每个竖杆上有七个珠子,这些珠子又被中间的隔档分开,上层两个,每个代表数字5,下层五个,每个代表数字1。每个竖杆又代表不同的数位。这样,通过移动杆上的珠子,就可以进行加减乘除的运算了。

      用算盘计算的方法叫做珠算。随着算盘的使用,人们总结出许多珠算口诀。有一些口诀也渐渐变成了俗语。比如,“三下五除二”,本来的意思是如果要在算盘上加三,就要把上层代表“5”的珠子拨下来,再在下层去掉两个代表“1”的珠子(即,+3=+5-2);现在,这句话的意思是“迅速地做某件事”。

      你有没有见过算盘?想不想试试用它来算数呢?请留言告诉我吧。

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